Narrative
Writing
Narrative writing is a
type of writing in which the author places himself as the character and
narrates you to the story. Novels, short stories, novellas, poetry, biographies
can all fall in the narrative writing style. Simply, narrative writing is an
art to describe a story. It answers the question: “What happened then?”Real narratives go through cycles
of this narrative structure: What happened first. What happened next. Etc.
Labov’s
Schema
Orientation (time and setting of
the story)
Complication of story, a quest,
an obstacle, or a series of obstacles,
a Resolution to the complication.
Optional
a Coda , which signals the story
is ended.
Characteristics
of a Narrative
*Narrative writing has
characters and dialogues in it.
*Narrative writing has
definite and logical beginnings, intervals and
endings.
*Narrative writing
often has situations like disputes, conflicts, actions, motivational events,
problems and their solutions
*Detail what happened and in
which order
*Contain mainly actions: She bit
the apple.
*some verbal: The bad witch said
…
*Mainly in simple past tense.
Some past perfect to skip back to
the past: She had lost her way.
Descriptive
Writing
Descriptive writing is
a style of writing which focuses on describing a character, an event or a place
in great details. It is sometimes poetic in nature in which the
author is specifying
the details of the event rather than just the information of that event happened.
Example:
In descriptive writing,
the author will not just say: “The vampire killed his lover” He will change the
sentence, focusing on more details and descriptions, like: “The red-eyed, bloody
vampire, flushed his rusty teeth into the soft skin of his lover, and ended her
life.”
Characteristics
of a Descriptive Text
*Information describing a scene,
person or object
*Use of relational processes: It
is big, it has 2 sides
*Use of adjectives: He has very
large eyes.
*General structure is a LIST of
attributes or facts
*Mostly simple present tense
(universal truths)
*It is often poetic in
nature
*It describes places,
people, events, situations or locations in a highly-
detailed manner.
The author visualizes
you what he sees, hears, tastes, smells and feels.
Argumentative
Text
Argumentative texts will begin by
providing some background information on the issue, before introducing the
central area or areas of contention. At this point, the text will then begin to
explore the various arguments for and against with an examination of the
supporting evidence. The conclusion will sum up both sides of the argument,
before giving a recommendation based on the writer’s evaluation of those
arguments.
Main
Features
*Title is often in the form of a
question
*Written in the present tense
*Generic statements are followed
by specific examples
*Arguments sometimes supported by
diagrams, illustrations etc
*-Usually tries to appear
objective and to persuade by the logic of the argument.(Thus, emotive words
avoided (low on subjective adjectives))
*Use of connectors to reveal the
structure of the argument:(-Secondly, thus, as evidence of this, however, etc.)
*Reference to authorities
“Scientists believe
Expository
Writing
Expository writing is a
subject-oriented writing style, in which the main focus of the author is to
tell you about a given topic or subject, and leave out his personal opinions.
He furnishes you with relevant facts and figures and does not include his opinions.
This is one of the most common type of writing styles, which you always see in
text books and usually “How – to” articles, in which the author tells you about
a given subject, as how to do something.
*Texts that explain some natural
or sociocultural phenomena
*Provide factual information
rather than try to convince (not an argument)
*Can include a variety of texts,
such as newspaper articles and reports, textbooks, and scientific and academic
essays, which present factual information.
Why does
it rain?
Warm air turns the water from rivers, lakes,
and oceans into water vapor that rises into the air. That water vapor forms
clouds, which contain small drops of water or ice crystals (depending on how
high the cloud is and how cold it is). As clouds rise higher and higher, the
air gets colder and colder. When the water vapor in the cloud becomes too
heavy, it falls back to the ground as rain or snow.
Generic
structure
*A general statement to position
the reader
*A sequenced explanation of why
or how something occurs
Characteristics
*Focus on generic participants
*Temporal and causal
circumstances and conjunctions
*Use of simple present tense
*It usually explains something
in a process
*Expository writing is
often equipped with facts and figures
It is usually in a logical
order and sequence
Persuasive
Writing
Persuasive writing,
unlike ‘Expository Writing’, contains the opinions, biasness
and justification of
the author. Persuasive writing is a type of writing which contains justifications
and reasons to make someone believe on the point the writer is talking about.
Persuasive writing is for persuading and convincing on your point of view. It
is often used in complain letters, when you provide reasons and justifications
for your complaint; other copywriting texts, T.V commercials, affiliate
marketing pitches etc. are all different types of persuasive writing, where
author is persuading and convincing you on something he wants you to do and/or
believe.
Characteristics
*Persuasive writing is
equipped with reasons, arguments and justifications
*In persuasive writing,
the author takes a stand and asks you to believe his
point of view.
*If often asks for a
call or an action from the readers.
Instructional /
Procedural Texts
This type of text begins with a defined
objective or goal, which will often form the title. Usually, a list of
resources, equipment etc will then be included, followed by a step-by-step
description of the process to be followed to achieve the desired outcome.
Often, the written process will be supported by diagrams and/or illustrations.
Occasionally, the diagrams or illustrations may replace the written text
entirely.
Main Features:
Title indicates the process
described e.g. How to…
Includes resource / equipment
list
Process described step-by-step
using bullet points, numbers etc
Time connectives used to organize
writing (first, next, then, finally etc)
Imperatives used
Diagrams / Illustrations used to
support or replace text
Reference
https://literacyideas.com/different-text-types/
https://www.slideshare.net/KarRamoso/text-types-11721229
Previous year
University Questions
1)Which type of
writing contains author’s biasness and justification
(a) descriptive
writing (b) narrative writing (c)
explorative writing
(d) persuasive
writing [April 2016, 1 Mark]
2) What are the
different types of text available online ? [April 2016 , 5 Marks]
3) Write any two
features of Narrative text? [May 2016 2
marks]
4) How will you prepare
a report by exploring online text types ? [April 2017, 5 Marks]
5) Analyse the
different form of writing with suitable example? [April 2019,10 Marks]
-Submitted by Ms.Arya
Krishna
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